The challenges of supporting students with intellectual disabilities in schools

Since 2015, the Brazilian Inclusion Law (LBI) has brought advances, transforming people with disabilities into full citizens, with rights aligned to their desires and needs. Almost a decade later, it is possible to say that progress has been made, but it is necessary to understand that improvements still need to be implemented.

Of course, during this period we have moved forward, but it is important to highlight that complaints about inclusion are still many. Complaints often come from people with intellectual or borderline intelligence disabilities, as the models used daily are often incomplete.

Neuroscience has already proven that every brain is capable of learning. This is the first point in understanding that every child, with or without disabilities, but specifically those with intellectual disabilities, is capable of assimilating what is taught. Each one has their own learning pace, and this is the first challenge for educational institutions.

The curriculum in Brazilian schools is not very flexible. In a class with an average of 30 to 40 students, all teaching is done at one single pace. This rigid process is an obstacle, as it is based solely on content, not on the learning process itself.

The lack of individualized education faces another common issue in schools: teacher training. Not all teachers have adequate training, and they do not feel capable of dealing with the necessary demands and daily challenges. Training and guiding educators on inclusive topics is an investment that should be made continuously. It also includes the need to deconstruct and reshape current teaching practices, integrating the teaching process to promote a more inclusive and effective education.

Training is directly linked to another limiting issue in schools, such as the lack of resources, not only financial ones. Not all institutions are capable of implementing structures that allow the environment to be adapted for the full accessibility of children and adolescents with disabilities. Integrating assistive technologies into the school environment to support the learning of students with intellectual disabilities is also an extremely valuable tool. Artificial intelligence is already a reality and can be used effectively by teachers, but not only AI—it is essential to also rely on teachers’ experiences.

All of these changes help improve student accessibility and transform the school into a welcoming environment, which is a sensitive and vital point for the students’ successful retention. It’s worth mentioning that some students are enrolled in full-time programs, spending more time in school than at home.

A welcoming environment is essential for the development of a child with intellectual disabilities. Understanding that the school is a safe place, surrounded by friends and people dedicated to care, is fundamental for strengthening these bonds. The child needs to enjoy their daily school life. Neuroscience highlights that stress and anxiety can harm the ability to learn, as already mentioned in the 2009 UNESCO report. This report emphasizes the importance of creating safe and inclusive environments for children and adolescents with various needs, including intellectual disabilities.

The school needs to be an extension of the home, and vice versa. The family environment plays a crucial role in the process and amplifies the importance of individualized learning. Involving family members for a consistent education supports the absorption of what is taught in the classroom. Direct communication between teachers and parents or caregivers helps with the development of children with intellectual disabilities.

Promoting the inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in schools is an extremely challenging journey. It requires investment in human training, infrastructure, and technology. Flexibility in teaching and a 360º communication between family and school are essential. It is an opportunity to think outside the box and integrate in a way that benefits everyone.

It is important to always remember that the number one mission is not to leave anyone behind!